O papel do crowdsourcing na resiliência das comunidades
Resumo
A constante evolução das Tecnologias de Informação tem permitido à sociedade em geral uma utilização cada vez maior e variada de novos meios de comunicação, aumentando desta forma a capacidade de se compartilhar informação via Web, através de dispositivos inteligentes, a qualquer momento e em qualquer lugar. O crowdsourcing surge como uma estratégia de criação de bens intelectuais, aproveitando o conhecimento e competências de indivíduos de uma crowd, tendo em vista a solução de problemas e criação de ideias inovadoras com o objetivo de melhorar o desempenho das organizações e/ou comunidades. As iniciativas de crowdsourcing têm vindo a assumir uma importância cada vez maior no apoio prestado às comunidades em situações de desastre/crise, contribuindo para uma maior resiliência das mesmas. Tendo em conta este facto, este artigo tem por objetivo explorar o contributo que as várias categorias de crowdsourcing podem potencialmente oferecer ao reforço da resiliência das comunidades. Através de uma revisão de literatura sobre as dimensões da resiliência das comunidades e as iniciativas de crowdsourcing, é feita uma sistematização dos potenciais contributos do crowdsourcing para o reforço da robustez dos recursos e da capacidade adaptativa das comunidades.
Texto Completo:
PDFReferências
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Bertot, J.C. et al., 2010. Engaging the Public in Open Government: Social Media Technology
and Policy for Government Transparency. IEEE Computer, 43, pp.53–59.
ª CAPSI/2014
-Artigos-
Bowman, S. & Willis, C., 2003. We Media: How audiences are shaping the future of news and
information. The Media Center at The American Press Institute.
Brabham, D.C., 2008. Crowdsourcing as a Model for Problem Solving: An Introduction and
Cases. Convergence: The International Journal of Research into New Media
Technologies, 14(1), pp.75–90. Available at:
http://con.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1177/1354856507084420 [Accessed January 20, 2014].
Brabham, D.C., 2010. Moving the Crowd At Threadless. Information, Communication &
Society, 13(8), pp.1122–1145. Available at:
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13691181003624090 [Accessed January 28,
.
Burkett, E., 2011. Crowdfunding exemption—online investment crowdfunding and US
secrutiies regulation. Tennessee Journal of Business Law, 3.
Burtch, G., Ghose, A. & Wattal, S., 2011. An empirical examination of the antecedents and
consequences of investment patterns in crowd-funded markets. SSRN Electronic Journal.
Cohn, J.P., 2008. Citizen Science : Can Volunteers Do Real Research ? BioScience, 58(3),
pp.192–197.
Conrad, C.C.. & Hilchey, K.G., 2011. A review of citizen science and community-based
environmental monitoring: issues and opportunities. Environmental Monitoring &
Assessment, 176(1-4), p.273.
Edwards, C., 2009. Resilient Nation. Demos.
Frankenberger, T. et al., 2013. Community Resilience: Conceptual Framework and
Measurement Feed the Future Learning Agenda. Rockville, MD: Westat.
Gao, H. et al., 2011. Promoting Coordination for Disaster Relief – From Crowdsourcing to
Coordination. In Proc. Int’l Conf. Social Computing, Behavioral-Cultural Modeling, and
Prediction, Springer-Verlag. pp. 197–204.
Geiger, D. et al., 2011. Managing the Crowd : Towards a Taxonomy of Crowdsourcing
Processes. In Proceedings of the Seventeenth Americas Conference on Information
Systems. pp. 1–11.
Gillmor, D., 2004. We The Media: Grassroots Journalism By the People, For the People,
Haak, B. Van Der, Parks, M. & Castells, M., 2012. The Future of Journalism : Networked
Journalism VPRO Television , The Netherlands University of Southern California.
International Journal of Communication, 6, pp.2923–2938.
Holling, C.S., 1973. Resilience and Stability of Ecological Systems. Annual Review of
Ecological Systems, pp.1–23.
Horton, J.J. & Chilton, L.B., 2010. The Labor Economics of Paid Crowdsourcing. Proceedings
of the 11th ACM conference on Electronic commerce, (1), pp.209–218.
Howe, J., 2006a. Crowdsourcing: A Definition. Available at:
http://www.crowdsourcing.com/cs/2006/06/crowdsourcing_a.html [Accessed August 22,
.
Howe, J., 2008. Crowdsourcing: Why the Power of the Crowd Is Driving the Future of Business
edition ., New York, NY, USA: Crown Publishing Group.
Howe, J., 2006b. The rise of crowdsourcing. Wired Magazine, 14(6), pp.1–4. Available at:
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Klein, R., Nicholls, R. & Thomalla, F., 2003. Resilience to Natural Hazards: How Useful is this
Concept? Environmental Hazards, 5(1-2), pp.35–45.
Linders, D., 2012. From e-government to we-government: Defining a typology for citizen
coproduction in the age of social media. Government Information Quarterly, 29(4),
pp.446–454. Available at: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0740624X12000883
[Accessed January 30, 2014].
Longstaff, P.H. et al., 2010. Building Resilient Communities : A Preliminary Framework for
Assessment. Homeland Security Affairs, 6(3), pp.1–23.
Mythen, G., 2010. Reframing risk? Citizen journalism and the transformation of news. Journal
of Risk Research, 13(1), pp.45–58.
Nguyen, A., 2006. Journalism in the wake of participatory publishing. Australian Journalism
Review, 28(1), pp.47–59.
Observatório Crowdsourcing - Departamento de Sistemas de Informação - Universidade do
Minho, 2013. Observatório Crowdsourcing - Departamento de Sistemas de Informação -
Universidade do Minho. Observatório Crowdsourcing - Departamento de Sistemas de
Informação - Universidade do Minho. Available at: http://crowdsourcing.dsi.uminho.pt/
[Accessed June 6, 2014].
Patient Opinion, 2005. Patient Opinion. Available at: https://www.patientopinion.org.uk/
[Accessed May 28, 2014].
Pénin, J. & Burger-Helmchen, T., 2011. Crowdsourcing of inventive activities: definition and
limits. Int. J. of Innovation and Sustainable Development, 2011, Vol.5(No.2/3), p.pp.246 –
Resilience Alliance, 2002. Resilience Alliance. Available at: http://www.resalliance.org/
[Accessed March 13, 2014].
Schenk, E. & Guittard, C., 2009. Crowdsourcing: What can be Outsourced to the Crowd, and
Why? Workshop on Open Source …, pp.1–29. Available at:
http://raptor1.bizlab.mtsu.edu/s-drive/DMORRELL/Mgmt 4990/Crowdsourcing/Schenk
and Guittard.pdf [Accessed January 30, 2014].
Schenk, E. & Guittard, C., 2011. Towards a characterization of crowdsourcing practices.
Journal of Innovation Economics & Management, 7(1), pp.93–107.
Tapia, A.H. et al., 2011. Seeking the Trustworthy Tweet : Can Microblogged Data Fit the
Information Needs of Disaster Response and Humanitarian Relief Organizations. In
Proceedings of the 8th International ISCRAM Conference – Lisbon, Portugal. pp. 1–10.
Threadless, 2000. Threadless. Available at: https://www.threadless.com/ [Accessed May 28,
.
Timmerman, P., 1981. Vulnerability, Resilience and the Collapse of Society: A Review of
Models and Possible Climatic Applications. Institute for Environmental Studies,
University of Toronto.
Vivacqua, A.. & Borges, M., 2010. Collective intelligence for the design of emergency
response. In Computer Supported Cooperative Work in Design (CSCWD), 2010 14th
International Conference on. pp. 623 – 628.
Walker, B. et al., 2010. Should Enhanced Resilience Be an Objective of Natural Resource
Management Research for Developing Countries? Crop Science, 50(10), p.S–10–S–19.
Available at: https://www.crops.org/publications/cs/pdfs/50/Supplement_1/S-10 [Accessed
March 26, 2014].
Wiggins, A. & Crowston, K., 2011. From Conservation to Crowdsourcing: A Typology of
Citizen Science. In 2011 44th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. Ieee,
pp. 1–10. Available at:
http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/lpdocs/epic03/wrapper.htm?arnumber=5718708.
Williams III, D.S., 2009. The PatientsLikeMe Multiple Sclerosis Community: Using online
marketing to shift the health data privacy paradigm. Journal of Communication in
Healthcare, 3(1), pp.48–61.
Zwass, V., 2010. Co-Creation: Toward a Taxonomy and an Integrated Research Perspective.
International Journal of Electronic Commerce, 15(1), pp.11–48. Available at:
http://mesharpe.metapress.com/openurl.asp?genre=article&id=doi:10.2753/JEC1086-All Voices, 2007. All Voices. Available at: http://www.allvoices.com/ [Accessed June 18,
.
Bertot, J.C. et al., 2010. Engaging the Public in Open Government: Social Media Technology
and Policy for Government Transparency. IEEE Computer, 43, pp.53–59.
Bowman, S. & Willis, C., 2003. We Media: How audiences are shaping the future of news and
information. The Media Center at The American Press Institute.
Brabham, D.C., 2008. Crowdsourcing as a Model for Problem Solving: An Introduction and
Cases. Convergence: The International Journal of Research into New Media
Technologies, 14(1), pp.75–90. Available at:
http://con.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1177/1354856507084420 [Accessed January 20, 2014].
Brabham, D.C., 2010. Moving the Crowd At Threadless. Information, Communication &
Society, 13(8), pp.1122–1145. Available at:
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13691181003624090 [Accessed January 28,
.
Burkett, E., 2011. Crowdfunding exemption—online investment crowdfunding and US
secrutiies regulation. Tennessee Journal of Business Law, 3.
Burtch, G., Ghose, A. & Wattal, S., 2011. An empirical examination of the antecedents and
consequences of investment patterns in crowd-funded markets. SSRN Electronic Journal.
Cohn, J.P., 2008. Citizen Science : Can Volunteers Do Real Research ? BioScience, 58(3),
pp.192–197.
Conrad, C.C.. & Hilchey, K.G., 2011. A review of citizen science and community-based
environmental monitoring: issues and opportunities. Environmental Monitoring &
Assessment, 176(1-4), p.273.
Edwards, C., 2009. Resilient Nation. Demos.
Frankenberger, T. et al., 2013. Community Resilience: Conceptual Framework and
Measurement Feed the Future Learning Agenda. Rockville, MD: Westat.
Gao, H. et al., 2011. Promoting Coordination for Disaster Relief – From Crowdsourcing to
Coordination. In Proc. Int’l Conf. Social Computing, Behavioral-Cultural Modeling, and
Prediction, Springer-Verlag. pp. 197–204.
Geiger, D. et al., 2011. Managing the Crowd : Towards a Taxonomy of Crowdsourcing
Processes. In Proceedings of the Seventeenth Americas Conference on Information
Systems. pp. 1–11.
Gillmor, D., 2004. We The Media: Grassroots Journalism By the People, For the People,
Haak, B. Van Der, Parks, M. & Castells, M., 2012. The Future of Journalism : Networked
Journalism VPRO Television , The Netherlands University of Southern California.
International Journal of Communication, 6, pp.2923–2938.
Holling, C.S., 1973. Resilience and Stability of Ecological Systems. Annual Review of
Ecological Systems, pp.1–23.
Horton, J.J. & Chilton, L.B., 2010. The Labor Economics of Paid Crowdsourcing. Proceedings
of the 11th ACM conference on Electronic commerce, (1), pp.209–218.
Howe, J., 2006a. Crowdsourcing: A Definition. Available at:
http://www.crowdsourcing.com/cs/2006/06/crowdsourcing_a.html [Accessed August 22,
.
Howe, J., 2008. Crowdsourcing: Why the Power of the Crowd Is Driving the Future of Business
edition ., New York, NY, USA: Crown Publishing Group.
Howe, J., 2006b. The rise of crowdsourcing. Wired Magazine, 14(6), pp.1–4. Available at:
http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/14.06/crowds.html.
Humanitarian Tracker, 2011. Humanitarian Tracker. Available at:
http://www.humanitariantracker.org/ [Accessed June 18, 2014].
Ideascale, 2008. Ideascale. Available at: http://ideascale.com/ [Accessed May 28, 2014].
Indiegogo, 2008. Indiegogo. Available at: https://www.indiegogo.com/ [Accessed May 28,
.
InnoCentive, 2001. InnoCentive. Available at: http://www.innocentive.com/ [Accessed May 28,
.
Jain, R., 2010. Investigation of Governance Mechanisms for Crowdsourcing Initiatives. In
AMCIS 2010 Proceedings.
Klein, R., Nicholls, R. & Thomalla, F., 2003. Resilience to Natural Hazards: How Useful is this
Concept? Environmental Hazards, 5(1-2), pp.35–45.
Linders, D., 2012. From e-government to we-government: Defining a typology for citizen
coproduction in the age of social media. Government Information Quarterly, 29(4),
pp.446–454. Available at: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0740624X12000883
[Accessed January 30, 2014].
Longstaff, P.H. et al., 2010. Building Resilient Communities : A Preliminary Framework for
Assessment. Homeland Security Affairs, 6(3), pp.1–23.
Mythen, G., 2010. Reframing risk? Citizen journalism and the transformation of news. Journal
of Risk Research, 13(1), pp.45–58.
Nguyen, A., 2006. Journalism in the wake of participatory publishing. Australian Journalism
Review, 28(1), pp.47–59.
Observatório Crowdsourcing - Departamento de Sistemas de Informação - Universidade do
Minho, 2013. Observatório Crowdsourcing - Departamento de Sistemas de Informação -
Universidade do Minho. Observatório Crowdsourcing - Departamento de Sistemas de
Informação - Universidade do Minho. Available at: http://crowdsourcing.dsi.uminho.pt/
[Accessed June 6, 2014].
Patient Opinion, 2005. Patient Opinion. Available at: https://www.patientopinion.org.uk/
[Accessed May 28, 2014].
Pénin, J. & Burger-Helmchen, T., 2011. Crowdsourcing of inventive activities: definition and
limits. Int. J. of Innovation and Sustainable Development, 2011, Vol.5(No.2/3), p.pp.246 –
Resilience Alliance, 2002. Resilience Alliance. Available at: http://www.resalliance.org/
[Accessed March 13, 2014].
Schenk, E. & Guittard, C., 2009. Crowdsourcing: What can be Outsourced to the Crowd, and
Why? Workshop on Open Source …, pp.1–29. Available at:
http://raptor1.bizlab.mtsu.edu/s-drive/DMORRELL/Mgmt 4990/Crowdsourcing/Schenk
and Guittard.pdf [Accessed January 30, 2014].
Schenk, E. & Guittard, C., 2011. Towards a characterization of crowdsourcing practices.
Journal of Innovation Economics & Management, 7(1), pp.93–107.
Tapia, A.H. et al., 2011. Seeking the Trustworthy Tweet : Can Microblogged Data Fit the
Information Needs of Disaster Response and Humanitarian Relief Organizations. In
Proceedings of the 8th International ISCRAM Conference – Lisbon, Portugal. pp. 1–10.
Threadless, 2000. Threadless. Available at: https://www.threadless.com/ [Accessed May 28,
.
Timmerman, P., 1981. Vulnerability, Resilience and the Collapse of Society: A Review of
Models and Possible Climatic Applications. Institute for Environmental Studies,
University of Toronto.
Vivacqua, A.. & Borges, M., 2010. Collective intelligence for the design of emergency
response. In Computer Supported Cooperative Work in Design (CSCWD), 2010 14th
International Conference on. pp. 623 – 628.
Walker, B. et al., 2010. Should Enhanced Resilience Be an Objective of Natural Resource
Management Research for Developing Countries? Crop Science, 50(10), p.S–10–S–19.
Available at: https://www.crops.org/publications/cs/pdfs/50/Supplement_1/S-10 [Accessed
March 26, 2014].
Wiggins, A. & Crowston, K., 2011. From Conservation to Crowdsourcing: A Typology of
Citizen Science. In 2011 44th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. Ieee,
pp. 1–10. Available at:
http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/lpdocs/epic03/wrapper.htm?arnumber=5718708.
Williams III, D.S., 2009. The PatientsLikeMe Multiple Sclerosis Community: Using online
marketing to shift the health data privacy paradigm. Journal of Communication in
Healthcare, 3(1), pp.48–61.
Zwass, V., 2010. Co-Creation: Toward a Taxonomy and an Integrated Research Perspective.
International Journal of Electronic Commerce, 15(1), pp.11–48. Available at:
http://mesharpe.metapress.com/openurl.asp?genre=article&id=doi:10.2753/JEC1086-All Voices, 2007. All Voices. Available at: http://www.allvoices.com/ [Accessed June 18,
.
Bertot, J.C. et al., 2010. Engaging the Public in Open Government: Social Media Technology
and Policy for Government Transparency. IEEE Computer, 43, pp.53–59.
Bowman, S. & Willis, C., 2003. We Media: How audiences are shaping the future of news and
information. The Media Center at The American Press Institute.
Brabham, D.C., 2008. Crowdsourcing as a Model for Problem Solving: An Introduction and
Cases. Convergence: The International Journal of Research into New Media
Technologies, 14(1), pp.75–90. Available at:
http://con.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1177/1354856507084420 [Accessed January 20, 2014].
Brabham, D.C., 2010. Moving the Crowd At Threadless. Information, Communication &
Society, 13(8), pp.1122–1145. Available at:
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13691181003624090 [Accessed January 28,
.
Burkett, E., 2011. Crowdfunding exemption—online investment crowdfunding and US
secrutiies regulation. Tennessee Journal of Business Law, 3.
Burtch, G., Ghose, A. & Wattal, S., 2011. An empirical examination of the antecedents and
consequences of investment patterns in crowd-funded markets. SSRN Electronic Journal.
Cohn, J.P., 2008. Citizen Science : Can Volunteers Do Real Research ? BioScience, 58(3),
pp.192–197.
Conrad, C.C.. & Hilchey, K.G., 2011. A review of citizen science and community-based
environmental monitoring: issues and opportunities. Environmental Monitoring &
Assessment, 176(1-4), p.273.
Edwards, C., 2009. Resilient Nation. Demos.
Frankenberger, T. et al., 2013. Community Resilience: Conceptual Framework and
Measurement Feed the Future Learning Agenda. Rockville, MD: Westat.
Gao, H. et al., 2011. Promoting Coordination for Disaster Relief – From Crowdsourcing to
Coordination. In Proc. Int’l Conf. Social Computing, Behavioral-Cultural Modeling, and
Prediction, Springer-Verlag. pp. 197–204.
Geiger, D. et al., 2011. Managing the Crowd : Towards a Taxonomy of Crowdsourcing
Processes. In Proceedings of the Seventeenth Americas Conference on Information
Systems. pp. 1–11.
Gillmor, D., 2004. We The Media: Grassroots Journalism By the People, For the People,
Haak, B. Van Der, Parks, M. & Castells, M., 2012. The Future of Journalism : Networked
Journalism VPRO Television , The Netherlands University of Southern California.
International Journal of Communication, 6, pp.2923–2938.
Holling, C.S., 1973. Resilience and Stability of Ecological Systems. Annual Review of
Ecological Systems, pp.1–23.
Horton, J.J. & Chilton, L.B., 2010. The Labor Economics of Paid Crowdsourcing. Proceedings
of the 11th ACM conference on Electronic commerce, (1), pp.209–218.
Howe, J., 2006a. Crowdsourcing: A Definition. Available at:
http://www.crowdsourcing.com/cs/2006/06/crowdsourcing_a.html [Accessed August 22,
.
Howe, J., 2008. Crowdsourcing: Why the Power of the Crowd Is Driving the Future of Business
edition ., New York, NY, USA: Crown Publishing Group.
Howe, J., 2006b. The rise of crowdsourcing. Wired Magazine, 14(6), pp.1–4. Available at:
http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/14.06/crowds.html.
Humanitarian Tracker, 2011. Humanitarian Tracker. Available at:
http://www.humanitariantracker.org/ [Accessed June 18, 2014].
Ideascale, 2008. Ideascale. Available at: http://ideascale.com/ [Accessed May 28, 2014].
Indiegogo, 2008. Indiegogo. Available at: https://www.indiegogo.com/ [Accessed May 28,
.
InnoCentive, 2001. InnoCentive. Available at: http://www.innocentive.com/ [Accessed May 28,
.
Jain, R., 2010. Investigation of Governance Mechanisms for Crowdsourcing Initiatives. In
AMCIS 2010 Proceedings.
Klein, R., Nicholls, R. & Thomalla, F., 2003. Resilience to Natural Hazards: How Useful is this
Concept? Environmental Hazards, 5(1-2), pp.35–45.
Linders, D., 2012. From e-government to we-government: Defining a typology for citizen
coproduction in the age of social media. Government Information Quarterly, 29(4),
pp.446–454. Available at: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0740624X12000883
[Accessed January 30, 2014].
Longstaff, P.H. et al., 2010. Building Resilient Communities : A Preliminary Framework for
Assessment. Homeland Security Affairs, 6(3), pp.1–23.
Mythen, G., 2010. Reframing risk? Citizen journalism and the transformation of news. Journal
of Risk Research, 13(1), pp.45–58.
Nguyen, A., 2006. Journalism in the wake of participatory publishing. Australian Journalism
Review, 28(1), pp.47–59.
Observatório Crowdsourcing - Departamento de Sistemas de Informação - Universidade do
Minho, 2013. Observatório Crowdsourcing - Departamento de Sistemas de Informação -
Universidade do Minho. Observatório Crowdsourcing - Departamento de Sistemas de
Informação - Universidade do Minho. Available at: http://crowdsourcing.dsi.uminho.pt/
[Accessed June 6, 2014].
Patient Opinion, 2005. Patient Opinion. Available at: https://www.patientopinion.org.uk/
[Accessed May 28, 2014].
Pénin, J. & Burger-Helmchen, T., 2011. Crowdsourcing of inventive activities: definition and
limits. Int. J. of Innovation and Sustainable Development, 2011, Vol.5(No.2/3), p.pp.246 –
Resilience Alliance, 2002. Resilience Alliance. Available at: http://www.resalliance.org/
[Accessed March 13, 2014].
Schenk, E. & Guittard, C., 2009. Crowdsourcing: What can be Outsourced to the Crowd, and
Why? Workshop on Open Source …, pp.1–29. Available at:
http://raptor1.bizlab.mtsu.edu/s-drive/DMORRELL/Mgmt 4990/Crowdsourcing/Schenk
and Guittard.pdf [Accessed January 30, 2014].
Schenk, E. & Guittard, C., 2011. Towards a characterization of crowdsourcing practices.
Journal of Innovation Economics & Management, 7(1), pp.93–107.
Tapia, A.H. et al., 2011. Seeking the Trustworthy Tweet : Can Microblogged Data Fit the
Information Needs of Disaster Response and Humanitarian Relief Organizations. In
Proceedings of the 8th International ISCRAM Conference – Lisbon, Portugal. pp. 1–10.
Threadless, 2000. Threadless. Available at: https://www.threadless.com/ [Accessed May 28,
.
Timmerman, P., 1981. Vulnerability, Resilience and the Collapse of Society: A Review of
Models and Possible Climatic Applications. Institute for Environmental Studies,
University of Toronto.
Vivacqua, A.. & Borges, M., 2010. Collective intelligence for the design of emergency
response. In Computer Supported Cooperative Work in Design (CSCWD), 2010 14th
International Conference on. pp. 623 – 628.
Walker, B. et al., 2010. Should Enhanced Resilience Be an Objective of Natural Resource
Management Research for Developing Countries? Crop Science, 50(10), p.S–10–S–19.
Available at: https://www.crops.org/publications/cs/pdfs/50/Supplement_1/S-10 [Accessed
March 26, 2014].
Wiggins, A. & Crowston, K., 2011. From Conservation to Crowdsourcing: A Typology of
Citizen Science. In 2011 44th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. Ieee,
pp. 1–10. Available at:
http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/lpdocs/epic03/wrapper.htm?arnumber=5718708.
Williams III, D.S., 2009. The PatientsLikeMe Multiple Sclerosis Community: Using online
marketing to shift the health data privacy paradigm. Journal of Communication in
Healthcare, 3(1), pp.48–61.
Zwass, V., 2010. Co-Creation: Toward a Taxonomy and an Integrated Research Perspective.
International Journal of Electronic Commerce, 15(1), pp.11–48. Available at:
http://mesharpe.metapress.com/openurl.asp?genre=article&id=doi:10.2753/JEC1086-4415150101 [Accessed January 21, 2014].
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18803/capsi.v14.249-271
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